Dr Majid Khan (Melbourne):
Australia’s residential property market has long been a barometer of national economic confidence and household sentiment. Known for its cyclical yet resilient nature, the housing sector plays a central role in shaping wealth distribution, consumption patterns, and investment strategies across the country. In recent years, the market has weathered significant turbulence, ranging from the COVID-19 shock to sharp interest rate hikes and a complex post-pandemic recovery. By mid-2025, observers and analysts are closely watching whether the market is firmly on an upward path or facing renewed headwinds.
A closer examination of the current dynamics reveals a picture of cautious optimism. While not uniform across all regions, property values in many parts of Australia have resumed their ascent after a brief correction, supported by a unique combination of tight housing supply, strong population growth, and persistent rental pressures.
However, the market’s trajectory is far from straightforward. High interest rates, affordability constraints, and uneven investor sentiment have introduced a degree of fragility, particularly in Australia’s more expensive capital cities.
Understanding whether Australia’s housing market is on an incline or decline in 2025 requires a deep dive into national trends, regional divergences, macroeconomic conditions, and structural forces that continue to shape demand and supply. Through updated figures, forecasts, and institutional perspectives, this analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of where the market stands; and where it may be headed.
Nationwide, CoreLogic’s Hedonic Home Value Index puts the median dwelling price at AUD 815,912 as of 28 February 2025, reflecting a year‑on‑year increase of 6.6 percent; while combined capital city values sit at AUD 896,613, up 6.5 percent over the same period. After a slight retreat in January, prices rebounded in February with a monthly gain of 0.3 percent, reversing the previous quarter’s small decline. Cotality confirms this recovery: national home values rose approximately 1.4 percent in the June quarter and are 1.7 percent higher since the start of 2025.
PropTrack’s Home Price Index for June 2025 shows a continued upturn, with regional markets up 6.0 percent year‑on‑year, while capital cities increased 4.1 percent annually, with monthly gains ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 percent across all capitals. The resulting convergence in growth reflects a broad‑based recovery. Annual capital city performance remains uneven: Canberra leads with 9.8 percent, and Adelaide around 9 percent, while Sydney and Melbourne hover around 4 percent and 3 percent, respectively.
Dissecting by city reveals stark contrasts. Perth continues to lead all capitals; CoreLogic data through mid‑2025 shows annual growth of 18.3 percent, with dwelling values rising 4.4 percent in Q2 alone and continued appeal to investors.
Adelaide has also been strong, posting 13 to 14 percent annual gains and ranking second behind Perth in late 2024. PropTrack forecasts 3–6 percent further growth through 2025, with average home values rising by up to AUD 47,700 to around AUD 842,700. Brisbane trails with about 11 percent annual growth and a median house price crossing AUD 1 million, tracking 6.9 percent year-to-date through June 2025; future gains of 2–5 percent seem likely.
Sydney and Melbourne present more muted dynamics. Sydney’s median dwelling value stood at AUD 1.19 million in February 2025, recovering modestly from early-year softness. Its year‑on‑year growth is near 1.7 percent, with houses at 1.9 percent and units 1.1 percent annually, though monthly changes remain small. Melbourne continues to be the weakest among the capitals; it saw a 0.6 percent monthly dip in January, though February rebounded 0.4 percent, and its annual growth remains sluggish.
Regional markets outside capitals are proving resilient and often outperforming capitals. Combined regional values reached a record median of AUD 656,445 in early 2025, 0.4 percent month‑on‑month; and saw 6.0 percent annual growth by June 2025, driven by affordability, migration, and lifestyle preferences. Over five years, regional dwelling values are up by more than 65 percent.
Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler (KPMG) forecasts further national growth in 2025: 3.3 percent for houses and 4.6 percent for units. Citing supportive macro‑fundamentals and structural demand, KPMG highlights supply shortages as a persistent concern.
PropTrack data supports this view: national house prices increased by 4.8 percent and unit prices by 4.6 percent over the year to December 2024, though December saw a rare monthly dip of 0.17 percent due to elevated listings. That dip sparked caution some experts deem the market “dangerous” for investors expecting continued strong returns.
Interest rates remain a defining factor. The Reserve Bank of Australia’s cash rate peaked at 4.35 percent in late 2023 and remains high, but expected cuts in 2025 are improving mortgage affordability and buyer sentiment. High rates throughout 2023 and early 2024 slowed borrowing, but expectations of easing have supported an upswing in market confidence.
Housing supply remains a core structural issue. Australia continues to under deliver on housing targets: new dwelling completions hover around 180,000 annually, below the estimated need of 240,000 or more. Projections suggest the country faces a cumulative shortfall of over 400,000 homes by 2029. A range of policy settings contribute to bottlenecks.
Migration and population growth are additional drivers. Net overseas migration topped 446,000 people in 2023–24, placing sustained pressure on housing demand, particularly in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Perth. Many new arrivals are settling in regional cities, driving value appreciation there as well.
Rental pressure continues to impact affordability and drive buyer interest. National rental vacancy rates remain near 1.1 percent, while rental prices increased around 12 percent in the year to late 2024. This squeeze pushes renters toward homeownership where feasible, further strengthening underlying demand.
Investor activity is also shaping market dynamics. Lending to investors has risen from around 28 to 37 percent of all new mortgage originations over the past five years, aided by favourable tax structures such as negative gearing and capital gains discounts. However, policy changes at the state level—particularly in Victoria, with increased taxes on vacant homes and short-term lets—have deterred some investors, leading to slight pullbacks in those markets.
Real disposable incomes declined by around 8 percent between 2022 and 2024, while home prices kept rising, worsening affordability for first-time buyers. The average time to save a deposit now exceeds 10 years for many Australians.
Despite these affordability pressures, the market remains buoyed by key fundamentals. Interest rate easing improves loan serviceability. A chronic undersupply keeps stock levels tight. Strong migration boosts underlying demand. Rent escalation pushes tenants into the buyer pool. Investor confidence especially in Perth, Adelaide, and Brisbane remains high. For these reasons, analysts expect continued moderate price growth through 2025, especially in non-metropolitan and mid-tier markets.
Nonetheless, the market is not without its vulnerabilities. High interest rates have stretched serviceability ratios in lower-income households. Inflationary risks persist, and the potential for global economic shocks could impact capital flows, borrowing costs, and employment each of which affects buyer behaviour. Investor confidence may waver if state or federal tax reform becomes unfavourable. Construction bottlenecks continue to delay new supply. Long-term affordability remains unresolved.
Internationally, the Bank for International Settlements ranks Australia among the fastest-appreciating property markets in real terms. Australia also remains among the most unaffordable housing markets in the developed world, with price-to-income ratios above most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) peers. The IMF and OECD have both flagged these affordability pressures as a long-term structural concern.
The consensus outlook suggests national home prices will rise 3 to 7 percent through 2025, with the largest gains likely in Perth, Adelaide, Brisbane, and selected regional cities across Queensland and Western Australia. Analysts from Propertyology project gains of up to 30 percent in select affordable growth corridors. In contrast, Sydney and Melbourne may continue to underperform due to affordability ceilings and investor tax fatigue, though individual suburbs will vary based on stock, proximity to transport, and demographic appeal.
Looking forward, the housing market appears set to remain on an upward trajectory, though more stable and segmented than the frenetic surges of the pandemic era. The interaction between fiscal policy, migration management, interest rate trends, construction incentives, and global capital flows will shape the sustainability and inclusiveness of the recovery. While the path forward is uneven, the overarching direction remains positive, driven by a structural demand-supply mismatch, population growth, and policy support.
Australia’s property market as of mid-2025 is generally on an incline. Despite regional differences and short-term volatility, the combination of housing shortages, sustained migration, falling interest rates, and tight rental conditions continues to drive price appreciation across much of the country. While affordability and macroeconomic risks remain critical challenges, the outlook for property values remains constructive; particularly in markets that combine relative affordability with demographic momentum.
